Semi-Empirical Model to Retrieve Finite Temperature Terahertz Absorption Spectra using Morse Potential

Terahertz (THz) absorption is a fingerprint property of materials, due to the underlying low-frequency vibration/phonon modes being strongly dependent on the chemical constitutions and microscopic structures. The low excitation energies (0.414-41.4 meV) are related to two intrinsic properties of THz vibrations: the potential energy surfaces (PESs) are shallow, and the vibrationally excited states are usually populated via thermal fluctuations. The shallow PESs make the vibrations usually anharmonic, leading to redshifted vibrational excited state absorption; combined with considerable vibrational excited states population, characteristic THz signals are usually redshifted and congested with varying degrees at different temperatures. Combining existing experimental THz spectra at low temperatures, first principles vibration analysis, and the Morse potential, we developed a semi-empirical model to evaluate the anharmonicity of the low-frequency modes. The model was benchmarked with purine molecular crystal to generate THz spectra at different temperatures, the results were consistent with experiments. The good agreement suggests this model would facilitate the application of THz spectroscopy in molecular crystal characterization.     

3D-Printed Bionic Ear for Sound Identification and Localization Based on In Situ Polling of PVDF-TrFE Film

Bionic acoustic sensors are an indispensable part to realize interactions between humans and robotics. In this work, a PVDF-TrFE sensor array with multiple active pixels combined with a 3D-printed bionic ear model is prepared, which can accurately detect sounds with different frequencies and locate the sound source from different directions. The PVDF-TrFE sensor array can clearly identify the sound within 25 cm, and the error between the accepted sound frequency and the original input frequency is less than 0.001%. Through the algorithm analysis of the input signal, the location of the sound source can be immediately analyzed. Compared with other acoustic sensors, this sensor has the advantages of being self-powered, small size, and high flexibility, which holds great potential for bionic applications.     

超级微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定香菇中的镉

为建立一种快速批量检测香菇中镉的方法,建立了超级微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定香菇中镉含量的方法。分别采用湿法消解、普通微波消解和超级微波、传统微波和湿法消解技术前处理香菇标准物质样品,对比消解效果,优化超级微波消解技术的酸体系和消解最终温度。;采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪法测定,优化基体改进剂、灰化温度等工作参数,确定仪器最佳检测条件,验证分析方法的准确性和稳定性。结果表明,超级微波消解优于湿法消解和传统微波消解技术,准确性和重复性最佳,大幅减少用酸量的同时更加安全、高效,避免样品污染。在最优分析方法条件下,镉在0~4.0 μg/L范围内所得回归方程线性关系良好,相关系数(R)为0.9994,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度RSD为1.4%~2.5%。超级微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测的探索与应用超级微波消解优于湿法消解和传统微波消解技术,大幅减少用酸量的同时更加安全、高效,避免样品污染,为农产品镉含量批量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。     

成都平原典型地区水果-土壤重金属污染特征研究

为摸清成都平原土壤-水果系统中重金属污染水平和富集特征,通过对成都平原典型地区333个水果作物及其根部表层土壤中Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr和土壤理化指标的测定,结果表明：（1）研究区土壤养分整体呈现出有效磷和碱解氮较丰富,有机质和速效钾较缺乏的特征,可通过增施有机肥、地面覆草、施用绿肥等方式提升土壤肥力水平。（2）研究区土壤重金属存在部分点位超标,以Cd的超标率最高。土壤重金属单因子评价污染等级为清洁,土壤综合污染指数评价污染等级为中度污染,其主要贡献为Cd。研究区重金属存在一定程度的富集,Cd和Hg的污染指数高,潜在生态风险强,应重点关注土壤Cd污染和Hg含量水平的增加趋势,将Cd污染作为下一步土壤风险管控和修复治理的重点目标。（3）研究区水果Pb、Cd的超标率分别为5.7%、7.8%,不同水果Pb、Cd的超标率差异显著,草莓Cd的超标率最高。研究区水果中重金属未对成人构成非致癌健康风险,而水果中的As和Cu对儿童构成了非致癌健康风险,As和Cu对水果重金属非致癌总指数的贡献超过70%,应特别关注水果中As和Cu的管控,以免造成较大的食源性危害。（4）重金属在水果与土壤中的含量水平关联性较低,水果中重金属的含量与水果富集重金属的能力关联度极高,应进一步查明水果重金属与土壤重金属形态的关系,并结合调整水果种植结构、筛选重金属低积累水果品种等方式降低水果重金属的健康风险。     

复合卤氧化铋纳米材料的合成及其光催化性能

采用低温沉淀法合成了一系列Bi OMxN1-x(M,N=Cl、Br、I)(0X1)复合材料,通过XRD、FESEM、TEM、EDS、UV-vis和PL等一系列表征和对有机物罗丹明光催化降解性能的研究表明:通过对复合材料合成过程中卤素离子含量的控制,使得此类固溶体具有独特的微观形貌和可控能带隙,使其在可见光下具有独特的光催化性能。在相同的光照条件下,Bi OCl0.5Br0.5、Bi OCl0.75I0.25和Bi OBr0.75I0.25相对于其他同系列的Bi OMxN1-x(M,N=Cl、Br、I)(0X1)微球样品而言,具有最好的光催化性能。     

原子吸收光谱法测定烟叶中的重金属总量及形态分析

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定烟叶中Mn,Cu,Zn元素,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定Cd,Cr,Pb元素,以HNO3-H2O2微波消解法获取烟叶中的重金属总量,以超声水提取法获取水溶态重金属进行初级形态分析,以Tessier逐级提取法获取5种形态的重金属进行次级形态分析。实验结果表明,原子吸收光谱法检测6种重金属线性良好,相关系数(r2)不低于0.998 8,检出限为0.16~3.1μg·L-1。烟叶样品中Mn,Cu,Zn,Cd元素主要以可交换态和碳酸盐结合态的形式存在;Cr主要以残渣态的形式存在;而Pb主要以碳酸盐结合态和残渣态的形式存在。     

SiO_2微球固相萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量Ag(Ⅰ)

本文通过水热合成法制备了SiO2微球,并研究SiO2微球在弱碱性条件下对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附性能,建立了SiO2微球固相萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法(AAS)测定痕量Ag(Ⅰ)的新方法。结果表明:在0.02mol·L-1 NaOH溶液介质中,Ag(Ⅰ)能被定量吸附,且能被2.0mL的12g·L-1硫脲-4%HCl混合液快速定量洗脱。方法的检出限(3σ)为0.59μg·L-1,富集倍数为50。该方法用于水样中痕量Ag(Ⅰ)的测定,加标回收率在95.0%~104.0%范围。     

氢化物发生–原子吸收光谱法测定铅粉中痕量砷、锑

建立氢化物发生–原子吸收光谱法联用测定铅粉中痕量砷、锑的方法。试样用稀硝酸溶解,用5%抗坏血酸溶液作为砷(Ⅴ)、锑(Ⅴ)的预还原剂,5%的硫脲溶液作为其它元素的掩蔽剂,选用1%硼氢化钠溶液作为还原剂,氢化物反应在10%盐酸介质中进行。在优化的试验条件下,砷、锑的质量浓度在0~20 ng/m L范围内与吸光度线性相关,相关系数r2分别为砷0.999 6,锑0.993 8,方法的检出限分别为砷0.40 ng/m L,锑0.75 ng/m L。砷、锑测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4.96%,6.27%(n=6),铅粉样品加标回收率分别为砷87.6%,锑79.3%。该方法准确可靠,可用于测定铅粉中痕量砷、锑。     

Trace metal analyses in honey samples from selected countries. A potential use in bio-monitoring

Honey is a sweet product made by bees using nectar from flowers. Concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb and Cd were determined in 13 honey samples from the selected regions around the world. Levels of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Potassium concentration was determined via flame photometry. Concentrations of Cd and Pb were determined using the electrothermal technique (ETAAS). It was estimated that the examined samples of honey from Greece, Turkey, Spain, Poland, Mexico, Argentina and Italy were of good quality in terms of metal concentrations (compliant with the norms referring to food products – WHO, Fifty-third Report of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives; Technical Report Series 776, Geneva), although the analysed samples were not free of heavy metals. The concentrations of the elements in the honey samples ranged from 2.38 to 9.31 μg · g^?1 for Zn, from 3.86 to 35.10 μg · g^?1 for Fe, from 0.19 to 21.64 μg · g^?1 for Mn, from 49.53 to 1006.90 μg · g^?1 for Ca, from 388.25 to 4761.50 μg · g^?1 for K and from 0.20 to 1.53 μg · g^?1 for Cu and regarding heavy metals from 0.11 to 2.78 μg · g^?1 for Pb and from 0.02 to 0.44 μg · g^?1 for Cd. According to these results it was found that the concentrations of heavy metals in the honey samples (except for alfalfa honey and eucalyptus honey from Italy) were under the acceptable limits for foods set out by the FAO/WHO. It was confirmed that the application of chemometric tools supports the extraction of significant information from analytical data, even though the availability of samples is not fully sufficient (this problem is often encountered in environmental analyses).     

非晶态镍硼酸盐结构的EXAFS研究

由摩尔比分别为1:2和1:8的NiCl₂·6H₂O和Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O作为反应物, 合成两种非晶态镍硼酸盐, 同时通过水热法合成β-Ni(OH)₂. 化学分析和热重-微商热重法(TG-DTG)分析结果确定两种非晶态镍硼酸盐的分子组成分别为NiO·0.8B₂O₃·4.5H₂O和NiO·B₂O₃·3H₂O. 激光拉曼(Raman)实验结果表明镍硼酸盐样品中主要存在的硼氧阴离子为B₃O₃(OH)₅^2-和B₂O(OH)₆^2-. 同步辐射扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)方法对样品进行结构解析, 通过数据拟合给出样品中Ni 原子周围近邻配位原子种类、配位数以及原子间距离. 用不同晶体结构作为标准对两种非晶态镍硼酸盐进行拟合的结果表明, 样品中Ni 原子周围局域结构与Ni₃B₂O₆晶体(ICSD No.31387)中的吻合较好. Ni 原子周围配位原子为O、B和Ni, 对于NiO·0.8B₂O₃·4.5H₂O, 配位数分别为5.7、3.8和3.8, 配位距离分别为0.208、0.263 和0.311 nm; 对于NiO·B₂O₃·3H₂O, 配位数分别为6.0、4.0 和4.0, 配位距离分别为0.207、0.262和0.310 nm.